navigation on desktop whith screen reader NVDA.

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Navigation on desktop whith screen reader NVDA.

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NAVIGATION ON DESKTOP

INTRODUCTION Welcome to this session In this session you will learn about Desktop . The main objective of this session is to understand what is a desktop , how the desktop looks , how to work on the desktop . This session will also cover how to navigate through the desktop items , how to open items on the desktop and once open , how to close these items . Till now you may have taken some help from trainers or others to access the desktop and open different items on the desktop . It is time that you do it by yourself now . All your questions related to the desktop will be answered here .

GETTING STARTED

I am sure you all know what a study table is . What are the things that you place on a study table ? There may be a pen , pencil , eraser , scale , books , sharpener , braille slate , stylus and other things on a study table . We keep these things on the study table so that we can take these things easily at any time . Imagine if we had to open the cupboard every time and search for each item . That would take a long time ! The desktop is like a study table . Before I explain more about this , let's see the importance of this through Raghu's example . Raghu is a front office executive . So what is his job ? His responsibilities include answering phone calls , scheduling appointments , and collecting and maintaining contact details of customers and employees . The contact details include contact number , address , email and other information . For maintenance purpose , he creates new contacts , and updates the existing ones whenever there are changes . He saves the contact details file on the Desktop as he uses this file often . If an employee needs the contact details of a customer or a colleague , they contact Raghu . Raghu is able to get the details quickly because accessing files from Desktop is easier than accessing files from a different location on the computer . Let us listen to the conversation between Raghu , and Manju , his colleague at work . Manju : Hi Raghu ! Can you quickly give me the phone number for our client , Sapna Stores ? Raghu : Sure ! Just hold on ... ( We hear the audio of typing on the keyboard , and then NVDA - going to desktop , opening the file , and Raghu searches on the Excel sheet very quickly . ) Raghu : Hi Manju , thanks for being on the line . The number is 080 25236978 Manju : That was quick , man ! Thanks !

CONCEPT EXPLANATION

Now let us learn about the desktop in detail :

Desktop is the first screen that appears after you log on to the computer . It is a place where you can keep items that are used often . By default , the Desktop has some of these items : This PC ,

Network , Recycle Bin , etc. • These items on the Desktop are represented by small pictures . The name of each item is

displayed below the picture . • Example : The item This PC has a small picture of computer and the name This PC is displayed

below it . Full form of PC is " Personal Computer " hence This PC item is represented with Computer picture on Desktop . Similarly , different items on the Desktop have different pictures . These pictures help a sighted person to easily differentiate or identify an item . The sighted refer to these items displayed with

pictures on the Desktop as icons . • Let me give you a visual description of the desktop . The Desktop screen is rectangular in shape .

The items or icons on the Desktop are arranged one below the other ( in the form of rows ) and next to each other ( in columns ) . If you do not understand words such as rows and columns , do not worry . You will understand these words soon ! Just visualize the screen like items arranged next to each other and one below the other . For example : This PC is the first item on my desktop , just below it is recycle bin . There will be many items below this . Similarly , to the right of This PC is Internet Explorer and so on . We can navigate from one item to the other item by pressing the arrow keys . For example , to navigate to the item below , use down arrow key . To navigate to the item above , use up arrow key . To navigate to the item on the right , use the right arrow . Similarly , to navigate to the left , use the left arrow .

You can also use the home key to go to the first item on the Desktop . • The items on the Desktop can be customized as per the user's need . So different computer

Desktops have different items . Some computers may have few items and others may have more items . It depends on the person who uses that computer and the items he / she places on the

Desktop Now how to open a file or program from desktop ? • What will you do if you want to pick up one of your braille books from your study table to read ?

First step : you will go to the study table from wherever you are sitting . Second step : after going near the table you will touch the table to confirm whether it is the study table or not . Third step : you will move or navigate your hand on the table to select the braille book you want . Fourth step : After confirming the selection you will open the book and start to read . Similarly , you need to follow the same steps to open items from desktop.

 now We will learn how to navigate on the desktop . 1 * step : Let us go to desktop by pressing Windows + M . NVDA says -

2nd step : Let us check the title by pressing Insert + T to confirm whether we are on desktop or not . NVDA says . When we press Insert + Ton the desktop , NVDA says ' program manager ' 3rd step : Let me press home key to go to the first item on the desktop . NVDA says - 4th step : let us select the item by using the arrow keys . I want to open notepad . So let me first select the item ' notepad ' . I am going to press down arrow key till we reach notepad . NVDA says After selecting the item , we can confirm the selection by pressing Insert + Up arrow . Let me press Insert + Up arrow to confirm if I have selected notepad . NVDA says NVDA has confirmed that we have selected the item ' notepad ' . 5th step : Now , we press enter key to open the selected item from desktop .

NVDA says .

We can check the title again by pressing Insert + T to confirm whether the selected item has been opened or not .

NVDA says -- NVDA says ' Untitled notepad ' . So we understand that notepad is opened . Please note that when you open a few items it may cover the desktop fully or partially . 6 °

step : After confirming , we can close the item by pressing Alt + F4.

REVIEW  AND REFLECT

Now let's check our understanding of desktop . You will now hear some questions . Listen to each question carefully and note down your answer . Then you will be able to hear the correct answer .

a . Which is the first screen that appears when we turn on the computer ?

Answer : Desktop b . What is the shape of the desktop screen ?

Answer : Rectangular c . All computers have 10 Desktop icons as standard ; True or False ?

Answer : False d . How are items arranged on the desktop ?

Answer : Items are arranged one below another or next to one another ( rows or columns ) e . What are the steps to open a desktop item ?

Answer : First step : Press Windows + M to go to desktop . 2nd step : Check the title by pressing Insert + T to confirm whether we are on desktop or not . 3d step : Select the item by using left and right arrow and up and down arrow keys . After selecting the item confirm the selection by pressing Insert + Up arrow . Now press enter key to open the selected item from desktop . Again check the title by pressing Insert + T to confirm whether selected item has been opened or not . Please note that when you open a few items it may cover the desktop fully or partially .

SUMMARY AND TAKEAWAY

Now , you must have a good idea of the desktop . Let's revise again to remember better . • The files that are used often or frequently are kept on the Desktop

The Desktop items are represented by pictures . They are also called icons . The icons are arranged one below the other , and one beside the other . The number of Desktop icons differs from computer to computer . You have learnt how to navigate through the icons on the Desktop using arrow keys . Desktop is the first screen that appears when we log on to the computer . When you are opening an item from the desktop , first press Windows + M to go to desktop . 2nd step : check the title by pressing Insert + T. NVDA with announce " program manager " . 3rd step : select the item by using arrow keys . After selecting , confirm the selection by pressing Insert + Up arrow to read the current selected item name . 4th step : Press enter open . Fifth step : Check the title by pressing Insert + T after opening the item . Sixth step : Close the item by pressing Alt + F4 .

TIPS TO ENSURE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY

Process discipline helps visually impaired users avoid errors and improve their efficiency . Below are some of the key areas you need to focus on while learning this topic .

See whether you are using appropriate arrow keys on the keyboard to navigate on the Desktop Are you using the down arrow key to select the items below ?

Are you using the Up arrow key to select items above ? • To get a better visualization , press home key to go to first item on the desktop . Use right

arrow to move towards right item , similarly from right item use left arrow to move towards left item . To select the item below a current item , use down arrow . To move above the current item , use up arrow . If you are a person with low vision make sure that you do not presume anything by just looking at the window . This may lead you to perform wrong actions . Due to this , your

efficiency may go down and your visualization and NVDA understanding skills may be poor . IMPORTANT KEYSTROKES Make a note of these important combinations of keys . They are called key commands or key strokes .

Key Command

Action

Insert + T

NVDA reads the title of the window .

Insert + Up arrow

NVDA announces the item name .

Insert + Up arrow twice

NVDA spells out the item name .

Insert + Tab

NVDA announces how many items are there in the desktop along with item names .

Windows + M

go to desktop

Home key ( on the desktop )

go to first item on the desktop.

Alt + F4

close a window .

If you find yourself little slow , and not able to understand the item name in one attempt , ask your friend / tutor to reduce the speed of NVDA and change the accent

of the voice in NVDA . We have now reached the end of this topic . Have you found this useful.

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